Though Campylobacter jejuni may not be a household name, it ranks among the top agents of bacterial infections from food. This small bacterium has the potential of causing serious health complications, from mild diarrhea to even worse outcomes. In this blog, we will take a very close look at being able to define its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments, and even means to prevent it.
Table of Contents
Campylobacter jejuni: What is it?
A type of gram negative, spiral bacteria, Campylobacter, is mainly responsible for the infection of the intestine where it causes the disease Campylobacteriosis. This type of bacterium is found within the intestines of animals, mostly birds so they will contaminate food, water, and surfaces if hygiene is not well taken care of.
How do you get infected with Campylobacter jejuni?
Consuming infected Water or Food: Poorly cooked or uncooked poultry is the leading source of infection. Other frequent sources include: contaminated water and milk that has not been pasteurized.
Direct Contact: Infected animals and their faeces can serve as a direct medium for the transmission of the bacteria.
Cross-Contamination: Failing to properly clean a cutting board after using it for raw meats can allow for the bacteria to spread to vegetables.
Traveling to High-Risk Areas: High chances of sanitation deficiencies in a location can be a risk while traveling.
Symptoms of Campylobacter Jejuni Infection
Symptoms are likely to develop between 2-5 days post exposure and may exhibit the following:
โข Diarrhea (with a high chance of blood being present)
โข Tummy pains
โข Increased body temperature
โข Feeling sick and actively throwing up
โข Constant tiredness and sore muscles
For most, recovery is realizable within a week. However, cases with aid have the probability of resulting in dehydration or a rare nerve ailment known as Guillain Barrรฉ Syndrome.
Diagnosis of Campylobacter Jejuni
Wondering if a Campylobacter infection is present would allow a provider to recommend the following:
โข Stool Test: Broad methodology for diagnosis.
โข Culture Tests: Used to determine target bacteria strains.
โข PCR Testing: Highly Reliable for bacterial DNA detection.
Treatment Options for Campylobacter Jejuni
Infections caused by Campylobacter mostly cure themselves within a week. Nevertheless, some severe cases require treatment:
1. Intake of fluids: Oral rehydration solutions or IV fluids, to a certain extent, can help with losing electrolytes in severe cases.
2. Antibiotics: Azithromycin or ciprofloxacin may be prescribed in case the symptoms are severe or persistent.
3. Probiotics: These nutritional supplements can aid in maintaining a healthy gut and help in recovering quickly.
4. OTC Medicines: Diarrhea may be controlled with the help of medications such as loperamide but only after consulting a doctor.
Complications of Campylobacter Jejuni
Most infections are simple in nature, but complications can develop that include:
โข Dehydration: Resulting from profuse diarrhea.
โข Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A previously quoted complex inflammatory neurological disorder with varying symptoms.
โข Reactive Arthritis: Inflammation of joints that may persist for several months.
โข Sepsis: The infection may disseminate in the rare circumstance that it infects the blood.
How To Avoid A Campylobacter Jejuni Infection
1.Cook Well: These foods should be steamed: poultry and meats to an internal temperature of 165ยฐ F or 74 ยฐC.
2. Minimise Cross-Contamination: Do not use the same chopping board for uncooked meat or other foods.
3. Hand Hygiene: After dealing with raw meat, animals or excrement, you must wash your hands every time.
4. Drink Clean Water: Refrain from drinking untreated and unpasteurized water and milk. 5. Food Hygiene When Traveling: Raw or semi-cooked foods should be avoided and only bottled or boiled water should be consumed in regions with low hygiene.
In Animals
It is worth noting that Campylobacter Jejuni resides in animals, more so in poultry, cattle and pigs. These animals usually do not show any abnormalities while carriage of this organism but can pass it to humans. Pet owners, be careful, since cats and dogs may have this type of bacteria in them.
Is Campylobacter Jejuni Contagious?
Campylobacter jejuni does not spread easily from person to person. Still, transmission can occur through touching the feces of an infected person or contaminated surfaces.
FAQ
Q1. Is Campylobacter jejuni bad for your health?
Most of the cases may be mild, but some health complications like dehydration or Guillain-Barrรฉ Syndrome can have dire undertones if they go untreated.
Q2. How long does the infection from Campylobacter Jejuni last?
It usually takes about 5 to 7 days for treatment, although some post-illness complications can further prolong the treatment.
Q3. Is it possible to get reinfected?
Yes, exposure to the bacteria again can cause reinfection.
Q4. How prevalent is Campylobacter infection?
Yes, it is one of the most commonly reported bacterial infections globally.
Q5. Can washing the meat prevent campylobacter?
Bacteria can be transferred to different surfaces by washing raw meat. It is better to cook it well, instead.
Conclusion
Even though Campylobacter jejuni is a very small bacillus, its effects on a human being’s body are enormous. A proper understanding of its etiological factors, its diagnosis, and ways to prevent it will keep you and your family safe from this kind of infection which is common to many. These include safe food practices, regards of personal hygiene, and awareness.
Most infections clear up by themselves, but a physician must be consulted when symptoms remain or worsen. As long as proper measures are taken, Campylobacter jejuni need not be a source of worry. Take action for your health today, and stay informed and safe!
